Categories of essay topics

Categories of essay topics

  • Report: 题目不给出任何观点，只是给出一种现象，要求分析这种现象的原因、解决方案、所带来的问题、影响因素、应对的措施、影响等。
  • Argument: 辩论观点或者比较利弊。
    • 双方讨论型：Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
    • 同不同意型：Do you agree or disagree? / To what extent do you agree or disagree?
    • 比较利弊型：Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages? / To what extent do you think the benefits outweigh the drawbacks?
    • 你怎么看型：What is your opinion? / What is your view?

Essay structures

  • Argument 类essay
    • 较多分论点 (reasons)，较少支持句 (supporting sentences): 用4段式
    • 较少分论点 (reasons)，较多支持句 (supporting sentences：用5段式
  • 混搭型题目
    • 按题目顺序各用一个主体段回应Report和Argument

Argument 的4段折中式

  • 开头段（1-3句）
    • 第一句：介绍社会背景（optional）
    • 第二句：转述题目里面的话题（must have）
    • 第三句：陈述自己的态度
      • 比较利弊型：可以在结尾段表明自己观点。
      • 同不同意型：必须在开头段表明观点。
  • 主体第一段论述你所倾向的那一方
    • 第一句：概括你倾向的那一方的观点（如果第一段有概括，可省略）
    • 第二句：提出这种观点的第一个分论点 (reason 1)
    • 第三句：对第一个分论点进行展开支持，可写多句 (supporting sentence of reason 1)
    • 第四句：提出这种观点的第二个分论点 (reason 2)
    • 第五句：对第二个分论点进行展开支持，可写多句 (supporting sentence of reason 2)
    • 第六句：第三个分论点 (reason 3, optional)
    • 第七句：展开支持第三个分论点 (supporting sentence of reason 3, optional)
  • 主体第二段进行让步（论述自己不太倾向的一方）
    • 第一句：概括这种观点
    • 第二句：提出这种观点的第一个理由 (reason 1)
    • 第三句：展开支持这个理由 (supporting sentence of reason 1)
    • 第四句：提出这个观点的第二个理由 (reason 2)，或提出reason 1的不严密之处来弱化让步段的观点
    • 第五句：展开支持前一句话
  • 结尾段
    • 第一句：概括在让步段里自己不太倾向的那一方
    • 第二句：重申自己更倾向的那一方，可以和前一句合并。
    • 最后一句：提出怎样做的建议 (optional)

Argument 的5段折中式

  • 开头段（1-3句）
    • 和4段式相同
  • 主体第一段论述你所倾向的那一方的第1个理由
    • 第一句：概括你倾向的那一方的观点（如果第一段有概括，可省略）
    • 第二句：提出这种观点的第一个分论点 (reason 1)
    • 第三句：reason 1 的第一个展开支持句 (supporting sentence 1)
    • 第四句：reason 1 的第二个展开支持句 (supporting sentence 2)
    • 可以写更多展开支持句（不超过4句）
  • 主体第二段论述你所倾向的那一方的第2个理由
    • 第一句：你所倾向那一方的第二个分论点 (reason 2)
    • 第二句：reason 2 的第一个展开支持句 (supporting sentence 1)
    • 第三句：reason 2 的第二个展开支持句 (supporting sentence 2)
    • 可以写更多展开支持句（不超过4句）
  • 主体第三段进行让步（论述自己不太倾向的一方）
    • 第一句：概括这种观点
    • 第二句：提出这种观点的第一个理由 (reason 1)
    • 第三句：展开支持这个理由 (supporting sentence of reason 1)
    • 第四句：提出这个观点的第二个理由 (reason 2)，或提出reason 1的不严密之处来弱化让步段的观点
    • 第五句：展开支持前一句话
  • 结尾段
    • 和4段式相同

Report 的4段式

  • 开头段（1-3句）- 概括背景和目的
    • 第一句：介绍社会或自然背景 (optional)
    • 第二句：改写需要分析的话题（可以和第3句合并）
    • 第三句：说明本文要分析这个现象的原因和解决方案
  • 第一个主体段 - 分析这种现象产生的原因或所带来的problems等
    • 第一句：说明本段要介绍的是该现象的原因（如果和第一段结尾句重复，可省略）
    • 第二句：该现象的第一个原因
    • 第三句：解释、支持这个原因 (supporting sentence)
    • 可以写更多支持句，不超过4句 (optional)
    • 第四句：该现象的第二个原因
    • 第五句：解释、支持这个原因
    • 第六句：该现象的第三个原因，如果前两个原因写得深入可省略 (optional)
    • 第七句：解释、支持这个原因 (optional)
  • 第二个主体段 - 分析这种现象的解决方案或带来的effects
    • 第一句：说明本段要介绍的是该现象的解决方案
    • 第二句：该现象的第一个解决方案
    • 第三句：解释、支持这个方案
    • 第四句：该现象的第二个解决方案
    • 第五句：解释、支持这个方案
    • 第六句：该现象的第三个解决方案，如果前两个写得深入可省略 (optional)
    • 第七句：解释、支持这个方案 (optional)
  • 结尾段（1-2句）
    • 第一句：概括这个现象的原因
    • 第二句：概括相应措施，可与第一句合并

Essay ideas

  • STREEC - 12 pointers for coming up for essay ideas
    • Skill & Efficiency
    • Technology & Safety
    • Right & Responsibility
    • Environment & Health
    • Employment & Money
    • Culture & Fun

Commonly used phrases

Skills

  1. develop their skills
    • thinking and learning skills
    • reading and writing skills
    • foreign language skills
    • creative skills
    • artistic skills
    • problem-solving skills
    • computer skills
    • social skills
    • communication skills
    • teamwork skills
  2. develop good learning habits
    • learn more efficiently
    • develop good eating / spending / driving habits
  3. broaden their knowledge about …
    • get / achieve good grades
    • improve their academic skills
    • increase their knowledge about …
    • improve analytical skills
    • develop independent thinking skills
    • gain a better understanding of …
  4. boost their brain development
    • encourage their imagination
    • make them more intelligent
  5. become more creative
    • think creatively
    • express their feelings creatively
  6. expand their horizons
    • broaden their knowledge and skills
    • broaden their interests
    • take part in extra-curricular activities
  7. improve their social skills
    • develop their teamwork skills
    • become more confident
    • encourage teamwork and sharing
    • build self-confidence
    • build understanding and trust
    • build family bonds
  8. work closely with …
    • take part in group discussions
    • improve their teamwork skills
    • effective teamwork
    • cooperate with their classmates / colleagues / teammates
  9. increase their independence
    • make them more independent
    • improve their life skills
    • develop their time-management skills
    • develop their money-management skills
    • prepare them for adult life
    • manage their time / money / budget / well
    • achieve a work-life balance
    • achieve a work-family balance
  10. gain practical experience
    • lack practical experience
  11. prepare for employment
    • have more job opportunities
    • vocational training
    • enter the job market
    • compete fairly
    • the knowledge-based economy
    • career guidance
    • improve their employability
    • achieve career success
    • prepare them for the job market / future workforce / knowledge-based economy
  12. achieve their potential / goals
    • prepare them for adult / later life

Efficiency

  1. save time and energy
    • make learning / shopping / communication more efficient
    • work / shope / travel / communicate more efficiently
  2. increase their efficiency
    • boost productivity
    • reduce their efficiency
    • boost productivity
    • boost economic growth
    • boost tourism
    • boost national pride
  3. reduce distractions
    • cause distractions for … (students / employees / drivers)
    • concentrate on their studies / work
    • concentrate on driving
  4. make the best use of their time
    • is a waste of their time
  5. boost their performance
    • increase their motivation
    • lack motivation
    • feel bored and unmnotivated
  6. make our lives more convenient
    • make our lives more comfortable
    • keep in touch with family and friends
    • provide people with more choices
    • inventions and innovations
    • scientific research
    • labour-saving equipment
  7. find information quickly and easily
    • search for information
    • make communication / traffic more efficient
    • improve public transport services
    • control the number of cars on the road
    • reduce the volume of traffic
    • provide real-time traffic information to drivers
    • upgrade the road system
  8. influence people’s opinions
    • inform people about new products
    • encourage people to buy things
    • boost the sales of products
    • provide the latest news and information
    • inform people about important events
    • broaden people’s knowledge and interests
    • inform people about …
    • are easily influenced by …
  9. make the country more competitive
    • make the country less competitive
    • contribute to the economy
    • cause labour / housing / water food shortages
  1. have more freedom
    • give them more freedom
    • respect their choices
    • reduce their freedom
    • restrict their freedom
  2. should be a personal choice
    • a free and fair society
    • are forced to
  3. provide people with more choices
    • provide people with more food choices
    • provide consumers with more shopping choices
  4. can have more flexible schedules
    • can study at their own pace
    • traditional classrooms
    • can have face-to-face discussions
    • develop good learning habits
    • form close friendships with their classmates
    • can achieve a work-life balance
    • can achieve a work-family balance
    • spend more time with their family
    • save money on transport costs
    • help to reduce traffic jams / traffic congestion
  5. have job security
    • job statisfaction
    • have less job security
    • have a steady job / source of income
  6. are treated fairly
    • have equal opportunities
    • are treated unfairly
    • job applicants
    • provide a friendly working environment
  7. promote gender equality
    • can choose subjects more freely
    • have equal educational opportunities
    • have equal opportunities for employment and promotion
    • gender bias
    • share parenting responsibilities
    • traditional gender roles
    • ensure equal opportunities for
  8. violate their privacy
    • security cameras
    • public places
    • respect their privacy

Responsibility

  1. teach their children good behaviour
    • teach them the difference between right and wrong
    • role models
  2. give them advice and support
    • respect their feelings
    • support their choices
    • help them to achieve their potential
    • build / strengthen family bonds
    • share ideas and feelings
    • solve problems together
    • share parenting responsibilities
    • exercise together
    • take part in community activities together
    • are not as close as they used to be
    • family / team / community members
    • useful members of society
  3. have busy careers
    • have a busy lifestyle
    • spoil their children
    • cannot achieve a work-life balance
  4. achieve good grades / get good grades
    • good behaviour
    • have behaviour problems
    • do not follow school rules / break school rules
    • become useful / responsible members of society
    • drop out of school
  5. elderly people
    • look after their grandchildren
    • share their life experience with their grandchildren
    • generation gap
    • feel lonely and unhappy
    • have traditional ideas about many things
    • lead to misunderstanding
  6. meet sombody’s needs
    • help students to achieve their potential
    • meet people’s / consumers’ / tourists’ needs
  7. provide a broad and balanced curriculum
    • core subjects
    • required / compulsory subjects
    • optional subjects
    • provide a well-rounded education
  8. become useful members of society
    • become responsible members of society
    • compete fairly
    • provide a friendly learning environment
    • prepare them for employment / later life / the knowledge based economy
  9. do volunteer work / do voluntary work
    • build good relationships with neighbours
    • make cfommunities safer
    • help people in need
    • harm communities
    • take part in community activities
    • build a strong sense of community
    • contribute to their community / country / economy
  10. improve public services
    • schools and universities
    • libraries and museums
    • healthcare services
    • public transport services
    • state pensions
    • improve infrastructure
    • protect national security
  11. create jobs / create employment opportunities
    • take jobs away from …
    • cause unemployment
    • take jobs away from
  12. reduce poverty
    • low-income families
    • reduce social inequality
    • fulfill their family / social / environmental responsibilities
  13. introduce laws to
    • practical and fair
    • is a long-term solution
    • is impractical and unfair
    • is a short-sighted policy
    • regulate violence on television
    • regulate advertising aimed at children
    • regulate genetically modified food / regulate GM food
  14. run campaigns to encourage people to …
    • advertising campaigns
    • encourage people to exercise regularly
    • encourage people to have a healthy diet
    • encourage people to buy eco-friendly cars
    • encourage sb. to do sth.
  15. compete fairly
    • promote fair competition
  16. provide reliable information
    • provide misleading information
    • help consumers to make better decisions
    • mislead the public
    • reliable public transport services
    • reliable healthcare services
    • a reliable source of energy

Environment

  1. damage the environment
    • create waste and pollution
    • household waste
    • industrial waste
    • pollute the air / environment
    • pollute rivers and lakes
  2. create waste and pollution
    • cause health problems
    • reduce industrial pollution
    • cause smog and acid rain
  3. car fumes 汽车尾气
    • air pollution
    • traffic noise
    • contribute to global warming
    • contribute to climate change
    • control the number of cars on the road
    • improve public transport services
    • encourage people to buy eco-friendly cars
    • develop cleaner energy
    • eco-friendly cars / lifestyles / tourism
    • reduce people’s dependence on (cars, social networking websites, international aid)
  4. rely too much on …
    • = rely heavily on …
    • rely too much on cars, non-renewable energy sources, fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal)
    • renewable energy sources: solar energy, wind energy, water power
    • does not pollute the environment
    • depend on the weather conditions
  5. contribute to global warming
    • contribute to climate change
    • increase / reduce greenhouse gas emissions
  6. put pressure on
    • grow rapidly
    • user more natural resouces
    • create more waste and pollution
    • meet consumers’ needs
    • the demand for consumer goods
    • put pressure on natural resources, infrastructure, the healthcare system
  7. meet / fulfil their environmental responsibilities
    • have eco-friendly lifestyles
    • reuse shopping bags
    • recycle cans and bottles
    • choose products with less plastic packaging
    • use public transport more often
    • walk or cycle to work
    • improve public transport services
    • introduce laws to protect the environment
    • fine companies that pollute the environment
    • give financial support to research on clean energy
  8. become overcrowded
    • urban residents / city dwellers
    • have more job opportunities
    • feel disconnected from nature
  9. make … more attractive
    • genetically modified food
    • GM crops 转基因的农作物
    • grow faster
    • increase crop yields
    • pose health risks to consumers
    • cause health problems
  10. wildlife habitats
    • cut down forests
    • destroy wildlife habitats
    • lead to natural disasters
    • reduce biodiversity
    • protect wildlife habitats
  11. endangered animals
    • wildlife products
    • die out / become extinct
    • introduce laws to protect wild animals
    • create more wildlife reserves
  12. animal experiment
    • cause pain to them
    • medical research
    • develop new medicines
    • are kept in cages
    • is cruel and inhumane
    • is morally wrong
    • reduce their suffering

Health

  1. have a healthy lifestyle
    • have an active lifestyle
    • do more physical activity
    • reduce the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure
    • exercise regularly
    • walk or cycle regularly
    • have a balanced diet
    • eat more fruit and vegetables
    • achieve a work-life balance
  2. cause health problems
    • an unhealthy lifestyle
    • have an unhealthy diet
    • damage their health
    • a sedentary lifestyle
    • are overweight
    • increase the risk of heart disease and high blood pressure
    • common diseases used in IELTS writing: heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, asthma, lung cancer
  3. have a balanced diet
    • home-cooked food
    • fresh food
    • is more nutritious
  4. have a fast-paced lifestyle
    • rely heavily on fast food
    • contain too much fat and sugar
    • frozen food
    • sugary drinks 含糖量高的饮料
    • pose health risks to consumers
  5. outdoor sports
    • increase strength, speed and balance
    • improve memory and concentration
    • build self-confidence
    • reduce stress and anxiety
    • improve hand-eye coordination
    • take part in team sports / participate in team sports
    • develop teamwork skills
    • give them a sense of achievement
  6. promote healthy lifestyles
    • raise people’s health awareness
    • improve public health
    • encourage people to exercise
    • encourage people to make healthy food
    • regulate fast food advertising
  7. improve healthcare services
    • healthcare workers
    • medical technology
    • improve the healthcare system
  8. population ageing (Br.) / aging (Us.)
    • elderly people
    • retired people
    • rising life expectancy
    • cause labour shortages
    • put pressure on the healthcare system
    • increase the burden on taxpayers
    • save money for retirement
    • raise the retirement age
    • encourage immigration
  9. cause stress and anxiety
    • reduce stress and anxiety
    • cause health problems
    • damage their emotional health
    • cause frustration
    • physical and emotional health
  10. have a stressful lifestyle
    • have busy careers
    • work long hours
    • often work overtime
    • cannot achieve a work-life balance
    • work-related stree
    • are under great pressure with their studies
    • peer pressure 同辈压力
    • face tough competition for jobs / promotion / business
  11. have a strong sense of belonging
    • lack a sense of belonging
    • do not even know their neighbours
    • feel lonely and unhappy / isolated
    • build a strong sense of community
    • lack a sense of community
  12. spend too much time online
    • spend too much time on the Internet
    • spend too much time on social media
    • spend too much time on playing video games
    • spend too much time in front of a computer / television screen
    • cause health problems
    • damage their eyesight
    • rely too much on fast food / the internet / cars
    • be addicted to junk food / social media

Money

  1. develop good spending habits
    • manage their money well
    • save for the future
    • manage their budget well
    • save for retirement
    • buy things on impulse
    • have high credit card debts
  2. follow the latest trends
    • consumer culture
    • create more jobs
    • increase international trade
    • become selfish and greedy
    • earn more money
    • increase the demand for consumer goods
    • focus on money and possessions
    • status symbols 身份和地位的象征
  3. involve high costs <-> reduce costs
    • the cost of living
    • high housing prices
    • high transport costs
    • high healthcare costs
    • rising educational costs
    • rising childcare costs
    • tuition fees 学费
  4. are more affordable
    • low-cost flights
    • travel more efficiently
  5. the gap between rich and poor
    • low-income families
    • live in poverty
    • reduce the gap between rich and poor
    • face financial difficulties
    • reduce income inequality
  6. reduce costs
    • make large profits
    • are driven by profits
  7. give financial support to …
    • receive financial support from …
    • rely on governments for money
    • reduce their dependence on …
  8. have more important concerns
    • only have limited funds
    • improve public services
    • government spending
    • give priority to …
    • is a waste of public money / time / energy
  9. improve people’s standard of living
    • be funded by
    • be under-funded 资金不足
    • face financial difficulties
  10. be a waste of public money 公共资金
    • increase the burden on taxpayers
    • be an important source of government tax revenue
    • improve the burden on taxpayers / the healthcare system / the state pension system
    • government tax revenue / advertising revenue / adimission revenue 门票收入
  11. contribute to the economy
    • contribute to the local economy
    • make the country more competitive
    • damage the economy
    • attract many tourists / many visitors / children’s attention
    • museum collections 馆藏
  12. employ many people
    • the tourism industry
    • contribute to the local economy
    • create jobs for local people
    • spend money on local goods and services
    • hotels and restaurants
    • buy souvenirs
    • create waste and pollution
    • put pressure on local infrastructure
    • the advertising industry / the art industry / the sports industry
  13. take away jobs from local people
    • long-distance food
    • provide consumers with more choices
    • contribute to global warming
    • take away jobs from local farmers and food producers
    • increase greenhouse gas emissions
    • contain harmful chemicals
  14. multinational companies / multinational corporations
    • provide consumers with more choices
    • control the local market
    • drive local companies out of business
    • pollute the local environment
    • have similar lifestyles
    • employ local people
    • be driven by profit
    • poor working conditions
    • threaten cultural diversity
    • pose a threat to … (e.g. local wildlife) 构成威胁
  15. international aid
    • financial aid
    • development aid
    • build understanding and trust
    • is a long-tern solution
    • is a waste of public money
    • misuse the aid 滥用援助
    • donor countries <-> recipient countries
    • boost economic growth
    • are interconnected
    • reduce their dependence on international aid
    • influence the politics of other countries
    • lead to more corruption

Safety

  1. reduce crime rates
    • prevent crime
    • commit crime
    • rising crime rates
    • violent crime
    • deter criminals 震慑罪犯
    • deter crime 震慑犯罪
    • deter dangerous driving
  2. reform criminals 改造罪犯
    • prepare them for employment
    • provide them with vocational training / career guidance
    • family support
    • have a steady source of income
    • become useful members of society
    • have a criminal record
  3. give them harsh punishment
    • are sent to prison
    • serve long sentences 长时间的服刑
    • lose their freedom
    • become overcrowded （监狱）变得过于拥挤
    • lead to resentment 导致怨恨情绪
    • are likely to re-offend
  4. address the root causes of crime
    • create jobs
    • reduce poverty
    • reduce social inequality
    • regulate violence in the media
  5. regulate people’s safety
    • pose a threat to sth.
    • increase people’s fear of crime
    • make communities safer
    • areas with high crime rates
    • install security cameras
    • increase police patrols 强化治安巡逻
  6. violent images
    • copy what they see in the media
    • copy what they see in video games
    • develop anti-social behaviour (graffiti 涂鸦, noisy parties, school bullying 校园欺凌)
    • drop out of school
    • glorify violence
    • are frequently exposed to media violence
    • become aggressive
  7. Internet crime
    • computer hackers
    • spread computer viruses
    • steal personal information
    • online fraud
    • steal username and password information
  8. are likely to re-offend
    • prevent crime
    • prevent dangerous driving
    • pay fines
    • install red light cameras
    • install speed cameras
    • deter dangerous driving
  9. involve high risks 涉及很高的风险
    • involve high costs 涉及高昂的费用
    • invove many challenges 涉及很多挑战
  10. protect national security
    • war and conflicts
    • build understanding and trust
    • military technology
    • promote peace and understanding

Culture

  1. protect their heritage 保护文化传承
    • better understand their heritage
    • form an important part of their heritage
    • erode their cultural identity (全球化、外国文化等)削弱他们的文化认同感
  2. threaten traditional lifestyles
    • traditions and customs 传统和风俗
    • traditional values 传统的价值观
    • pose a threat to traditional lifestyles
  3. are more open-minded
    • a multi-cultural society
    • respect cultural differences
    • have more creative ideas
    • have different values and lifestyles
    • lead to misunderstanding
    • understand and appreciate cultural differences
    • are more tolerant of cultural differences
  4. build understanding and trust
    • work closely with … / work closely together
    • promote international cooperation 促进国际合作
    • transcend national borders
    • draw on other countries’ experience
  5. threaten cultural diversity
    • cultural globalisation
    • multinational companies / multinational corporations
    • international trade
    • share the same fashions and brands
    • watch the same films and television programmes
    • have similar lifestyles
    • multinational media companies
    • satellite television
    • spread their own culture
    • weaken other cultures
  6. make communication easier
    • a global language
    • international business
    • international trade
    • lead to misunderstanding
    • is widely used around the world
    • international conferences
    • remove the language barrier 消除语言障碍
  7. feel isolated
    • an endangered language
    • a minority language 小语种 / the dominant language 主流语言
    • is only spoken by a small number of people
    • have more job opportunities
    • have more entertainment choices
  8. connect us to the past
    • introduce laws to protect historic buildings
    • are an important part of our heritage
    • famous landmarks
    • tourist attractions
    • give character to a city
    • historic sites
    • attract many tourists
    • contribute to the local economy
    • make cities more interesting and attractive
    • lack character 缺乏鲜明的特色
  9. adapt old buildings to meet modern needs
    • make them safe
    • update the equipment
    • demolish old buildings 拆毁老房子
    • renovate old buildings（对老房子进行翻新）
    • remodel old buildings（对老房子进行改造）
    • expensive repairs and maintenance
  10. enrich the local culture
    • public art
    • public places
    • bring art into people’s everyday life
    • expand their horizons
    • attract many tourists
    • the art industry
    • create jobs
    • contribute to the local economy
    • broaden their interests
    • reduce stress and anxiety
    • make them more creative
    • express their feelings creatively
  11. increase job satisfaction
    • be treated fairly
    • feel respected and valued
    • achieve a work-life balance
    • achieve their potential
    • provide a friendly working environment
    • build a positive corporate culture
    • have equal opportunities for promotion and training
    • be rewarded for hard work
    • increase employees’ loyalty to the company

Fun

  1. fun and relaxing
    • play video / mobile / team games
    • browse / surf the Internet
    • play outdoor sports
    • educational games 益智游戏
    • satellite television
    • provide a wide range of channels
  2. encourage imagination
    • improve hand-eye coordination
    • make children more creative
    • are fun and educational
    • develop imagination and creativity
  3. in a virtual world
    • share ideas and opinions
    • share interests and hobbies
    • share photos and videos
    • make friends online
    • interact with their friends online
    • rely too much on the Internet
    • feel lonely in real life
    • social media / social networking websites
    • online community
    • take part in online discussions
    • reduce face-to-face interaction
    • cause social isolation
  4. an important source of information
    • find information quickly and easily
    • search engine
    • have access to more information
    • provide more entertainment choices
  5. online shopping
    • online shops
    • provide people with more choices
    • buy things at lower prices
    • save time and energy
    • traditional shops / physical shops
    • try on clothes
    • can easily compare prices
    • save money on transport costs
    • provide more interesting shopping experiences
  6. make our lives eaiser
    • be thin and light
    • save space
    • be easy to carry and use
    • make our lives more convenient
    • rely too much on technology
    • cause health problems
    • reduce face-to-face interaction
  7. keep in touch with family and friends
    • spend too much time playing mobile games
    • rely too much on mobile phones
    • can get help quickly in an emergency
    • mobile phone radiation
    • pose health risks to users
  8. are fun and creative
    • make products more attractive
    • boost the sales of products
    • advertising campaigns
    • have famous people in them / have celebrities in them
    • improve people about new products
    • build consumer loyalty
  9. give them a sense of achievement
    • achieve their goals / potential
    • compete fairly
    • feel motivated
    • hardworking and dedicated
    • build self-confidence
  10. increase their motivation
    • feel respected and valued
    • feel rewarded
    • career path
    • choose career paths that really interest them
  11. feel bored and unmotivated
    • fall into a routine
    • repetitive tasks
  12. explore the local culture
    • expand their horizons
    • tourist attractions
    • interact with local people
    • better understand the local culture
    • respect the local culture
    • lead to misunderstanding
    • cultural attractions
    • historical attractions
    • appreciate the local culture
    • experience different traditions and customs
    • explore space / other planets / their own potential

References

  • 慎小嶷十天突破雅思写作剑13版